Kepler-1272 Overview
Kepler-1272
1.16
R⦿
5736.00
K
Kepler-1272 b
0.211
RJup
- Architecture
- Kepler-1272
- Kepler-1272
- Other Data
- Bibliography 17
- Exoplanet Archive Notes 1
- Nearby Data 7
Discovery Data
Host | Planet | Method | Year | Reference | Disposition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kepler-1272 | Kepler-1272 b | Transit | 2016 | Morton et al. 2016 | Confirmed Planet |
Kepler-1272 b
- Orbital period, transit mid-point, transit duration, Rp/Rs and their errors taken from DR24 KOI table. Planet radius error propagated from stellar radius error in ref. and Rp/Rs error. (Morton et al. 2016)
- RA
- 19h00m52.74s
- Dec
- +38d48m21.02s
- Distance
-
1206.37+33.67-31.92pc
- Parallax
- 0.8003070±0.0223586 mas
- Ecliptic Latitude
- 60.93579 deg
- Ecliptic Longitude
- 294.90545 deg
- Galactic Latitude
- 14.9037 deg
- Galactic Longitude
- 69.2523 deg
- Total Proper Motion
- 12.8101046±0.0361272 mas/yr
- Proper Motion (RA)
- -9.4806900±0.0355204 mas/yr
- Proper Motion (Dec)
- -8.6148300±0.0368487 mas/yr
- Photometry
-
mV14.734±0.137
-
mTESS13.9037±0.0068
-
mJ13.207±0.026
-
mH12.899±0.035
-
mKs12.888±0.035
-
mKep14.423
-
mW112.806±0.024
-
mW212.846±0.023
-
mW312.842±0.471
-
mW49.213
-
mGaia14.38370±0.00025
-
mB15.795±0.068
-
mg14.8406000±0.0030665
-
mi14.1554000±0.0042313
-
mr14.336000±0.003515
-
mu16.2910000±0.0059719
-
mz14.0949000±0.0038007
Source | TICv8 | Berger et al. 2018 | Gaia DR2 | Morton et al. 2016 | Batalha et al. 2013 | Latham et al. 2005 | Q1-Q17 DR25 Supplemental KOI Table | Q1-Q17 DR25 KOI Table | Q1-Q17 DR24 KOI Table | Q1-Q16 KOI Table | Q1-Q12 KOI Table | Q1-Q8 KOI Table | Q1-Q6 KOI Table | Show Candidate Solutions >> | << Hide Candidate Solutions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Teff
(K)
|
5807.0±122.0 | 6070±212 |
5442.74+26.26-38.49
|
5926.000+95.259-135.180
|
5736 | 5736 | --- |
6071 +189-210
|
6071 +164-204
|
6071 +164-204
|
6071.00 +164.00-204.00
|
6057.00±123.00 | 5736 | ||
Metallicity
(dex)
|
--- | --- | --- |
0.0600+0.1420-0.1600
[Fe/H]
|
--- | -0.132 [Fe/H] | --- | -0.14±0.3 [Fe/H] |
-0.140 +0.240-0.300
[Fe/H]
|
-0.140 +0.240-0.300
[Fe/H]
|
-0.140 +0.240-0.300
[Fe/H]
|
--- | --- | ||
R✶
(R⦿)
|
1.51323 |
1.438+0.116-0.105
|
1.6334783+0.0233508-0.0156489
|
1.090+0.268-0.110
|
1.07 | 1.156 | --- |
1.107 +0.338-0.182
|
1.107 +0.479-0.151
|
1.107 +0.479-0.151
|
1.1070 +0.4790-0.1510
|
1.1200±0.5200 | 1.07 | ||
log g
(log10(cm/s2))
|
4.09529 | --- | --- |
4.390+0.080-0.171
|
4.36 | 4.35 | --- |
4.353 +0.132-0.198
|
4.353 +0.107-0.273
|
4.353 +0.107-0.273
|
4.353 +0.107-0.273
|
4.350±0.300 | 4.36 | ||
M✶
(M⦿)
|
1.04 | --- | --- |
1.060+0.077-0.066
|
0.97 | --- | --- |
1.005 +0.167-0.112
|
1.005 +0.192-0.115
|
1.005 +0.192-0.115
|
1.0050 +0.1920-0.1150
|
1.0300±0.1300 | --- | ||
L✶
(log10(L⦿))
|
0.3703139 | --- |
0.32419184+0.03075455-0.03309977
|
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||
Age
(Gyr)
|
--- | --- | --- |
3.89+2.26-2.10
|
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.9±1.8 | --- | ||
ρ✶
(g/cm3)
|
0.4231368 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
0.41494 +1.68238-0.31680
|
0.61921 +1.32357-0.53220
|
0.61921 +1.32357-0.53220
|
0.61921 +1.32357-0.53220
|
--- | --- |
- Status
- Confirmed Planet
- Detected By
- Transit
Source | Morton et al. 2016 | GajdoĊĦ et al. 2019 | Berger et al. 2018 | Holczer et al. 2016 | Q1-Q17 DR25 Supplemental KOI Table | Q1-Q17 DR25 KOI Table | Q1-Q17 DR24 KOI Table | Q1-Q16 KOI Table | Q1-Q12 KOI Table | Q1-Q8 KOI Table | Show Candidate Solutions >> | << Hide Candidate Solutions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P
(days)
|
51.1309704±0.0004514 | 51.1323302228±0.0003576087 | --- | 51.13163246±0.00001389 | 51.1319346±0.0004368 | 51.1319346±0.0004368 | 51.1309704±0.0004514 | 51.1309704±0.0004514 | 51.1309704±0.0004514 | 51.1295±0.0013 | ||
TC
(days)
|
2454970.17952±0.00772 | 2454970.15044000±0.00521064 | --- | 2454970.165764±0.012297 | 2454970.157±0.00795 | 2454970.157±0.00795 | 2454970.18±0.00772 | 2454970.18±0.00772 | 2454970.18±0.00772 | 2454970.184±0.01 | ||
Rp
(R⨁)
|
2.37+0.70-0.32
|
--- |
3.157+0.593-0.431
|
--- | --- |
2.43 +0.74-0.4
|
2.41 +1.04-0.33
|
2.41 +1.04-0.33
|
2.41 +1.04-0.33
|
2.7±1.3 | ||
Rp
(RJup)
|
0.211+0.062-0.029
|
--- |
0.2816+0.0529-0.0385
|
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||
Rp/R✶
|
0.019906 +0.003337-0.001765
|
--- | --- | --- | --- |
0.020107 +0.003412-0.002324
|
0.019906 +0.003337-0.001765
|
0.019906 +0.003337-0.001765
|
0.019906 +0.003337-0.001765
|
0.02239±0.00089 | ||
T14
(hours)
|
5.995±0.214 | --- | --- | 6.2757 | --- | 6.019±0.194 | 5.995±0.214 | 5.995±0.214 | 5.995±0.214 | 7.0325 | ||
a/R✶
|
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 38.6±17.4 | 44.1±18.8 | 44.1±18.8 | 44.1±18.8 | 24.1±1.9 | ||
Teq
(K)
|
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 542 | 542 | 542 | 542 | 541 | ||
b
|
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
0.829 +0.047-0.564
|
0.7635 +0.178-0.5244
|
0.7635 +0.178-0.5244
|
0.7635 +0.178-0.5244
|
0.926±0.1 | ||
S
(S⨁)
|
--- | --- |
34.433+2.260-2.099
|
--- | --- |
20.36 +18.86-8.01
|
20.38 +26.15-7.13
|
20.38 +26.15-7.13
|
20.38 +26.15-7.13
|
--- | ||
e
|
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
i
(deg)
|
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 88.77 | 88.81 | 88.81 | 88.81 | 87.66 | ||
a
(au)
|
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | .2705 | .2704 | .2704 | .2704 | .272 | ||
δ
(%)
|
--- | --- | --- | 0.0407 | --- | 0.03823±0.00216 | 0.03983±0.00236 | 0.03983±0.00236 | 0.03983±0.00236 | 0.03980 |
Kepler Detection Products
(4 File Types, 15 Files)
Kepler Pipeline Data Validation Reports | q1_q12_tce | q1_q16_tce | q1_q17_dr24_tce | q1_q17_dr25_tce |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kepler Pipeline Data Validation Summaries | q1_q12_tce | q1_q16_tce | q1_q17_dr24_tce | q1_q17_dr25_tce |
Kepler TCERT Reports | q1_q16_tce | q1_q17_dr24_tce | q1_q17_dr25_tce | |
Kepler Planet Detection Metrics | q1_q17_dr24_stellar | q1_q17_dr24_stellar | q1_q17_dr25_stellar | q1_q17_dr25_stellar |
Kepler Detection Products
Kepler Pipeline Data Validation Summaries | q1_q12_tce | q1_q16_tce | q1_q17_dr24_tce | q1_q17_dr25_tce |
---|
Kepler Object of Interest
KepID | 3728701 | 3728701 | 3728701 | 3728701 | 3728701 | 3728701 | 3728701 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KOI Name | K02536.01 | K02536.01 | K02536.01 | K02536.01 | K02536.01 | K02536.01 | K02536.01 |
Kepler Name | Kepler-1272 b | Kepler-1272 b | Kepler-1272 b | Kepler-1272 b | Kepler-1272 b | Kepler-1272 b | Kepler-1272 b |
Exoplanet Archive Disposition | CONFIRMED | CONFIRMED | CONFIRMED | CONFIRMED | CONFIRMED | CONFIRMED | CONFIRMED |
Vetting Status | Done | Done | Done | Done | Done | Done | Done |
Date of Last Parameter Update | 2018-08-16 | 2017-08-31 | 2015-09-24 | 2014-12-18 | 2014-12-04 | 2014-01-07 | 2013-02-12 |
Disposition Using Kepler Data | CANDIDATE | CANDIDATE | CANDIDATE | CANDIDATE | NOT DISPOSITIONED | NOT DISPOSITIONED | CANDIDATE |
Not Transit-Like False Positive Flag | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- |
Stellar Eclipse False Positive Flag | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- |
Centroid Offset False Positive Flag | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- |
Ephemeris Match Indicates Contamination False Positive Flag | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- |
Disposition Provenance | q1_q17_dr25_sup_koi | q1_q17_dr25_koi | q1_q17_dr24_koi | q1_q16_koi | q1_q12_koi | q1_q8_koi | q1_q6_kepler_candidates |
Orbital Period [days] | 51.1319346±0.0004368 | 51.1319346±0.0004368 | 51.1309704±0.0004514 | 51.1309704±0.0004514 | 51.1309704±0.0004514 | 51.1295±0.0013 | 51.1295±0.0013 |
Transit Epoch [BKJD] | 137.1568±0.00795 | 137.1568±0.00795 | 137.17952±0.00772 | 137.17952±0.00772 | 137.17952±0.00772 | 137.184±0.01 | 137.184±0.01 |
Transit Epoch [BJD] | 2454970.157±0.00795 | 2454970.157±0.00795 | 2454970.18±0.00772 | 2454970.18±0.00772 | 2454970.18±0.00772 | 2454970.184±0.01 | 2454970.184±0.01 |
Parameters Provenance | q1_q17_dr25_sup_koi | q1_q17_dr25_koi | q1_q17_dr24_koi | q1_q16_koi | q1_q12_koi | q1_q8_koi | q1_q6_kepler_candidates |
Number of Planets | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
TCE Delivery | q1_q17_dr25_tce | q1_q17_dr25_tce | q1_q17_dr24_tce | q1_q16_tce | q1_q12_tce | --- | --- |
Link to DV Report | kplr003728701-20160209194854_dvr.pdf | kplr003728701-20160209194854_dvr.pdf | kplr003728701-20141002224145_dvr.pdf | kplr003728701-20130815195353_dvr.pdf | kplr003728701-20121029204534_dvr.pdf | --- | --- |
RA [decimal degrees] | 285.21985 | 285.21985 | 285.21985 | 285.21985 | 285.21985 | 285.21985 | 285.21985 |
Dec [decimal degrees] | 38.805882 | 38.805882 | 38.805882 | 38.805882 | 38.805882 | 38.805882 | 38.805882 |
Kepler-band [mag] | 14.423 | 14.423 | 14.423 | 14.423 | 14.423 | 14.423 | 14.423 |
g'-band [mag] | 14.861 | 14.861 | 14.861 | 14.861 | 14.861 | 14.861 | 14.861 |
r'-band [mag] | 14.34 | 14.34 | 14.34 | 14.34 | 14.34 | 14.34 | 14.34 |
i'-band [mag] | 14.235000000000001 | 14.235000000000001 | 14.235000000000001 | 14.235000000000001 | 14.235000000000001 | 14.235000000000001 | 14.235000000000001 |
z'-band [mag] | 14.089 | 14.089 | 14.089 | 14.089 | 14.089 | 14.089 | 14.089 |
J-band [mag] | 13.207 | 13.207 | 13.207 | 13.207 | 13.207 | 13.207 | 13.207 |
H-band [mag] | 12.899000000000001 | 12.899000000000001 | 12.899000000000001 | 12.899000000000001 | 12.899000000000001 | 12.899000000000001 | 12.899000000000001 |
K-band [mag] | 12.888 | 12.888 | 12.888 | 12.888 | 12.888 | 12.888 | 12.888 |
Disposition Score | --- | 0.883 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Comment | --- | NO_COMMENT | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Eccentricity | --- | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Impact Parameter | --- |
0.829 +0.047-0.564
|
0.7635 +0.178-0.5244
|
0.7635 +0.178-0.5244
|
0.7635 +0.178-0.5244
|
0.926±0.1 | 0.93±0.12 |
Transit Duration [hrs] | --- | 6.019±0.194 | 5.995±0.214 | 5.995±0.214 | 5.995±0.214 | 7.0325 | 7.0325 |
Transit Depth [ppm] | --- | 382.3±21.6 | 398.3±23.6 | 398.3±23.6 | 398.3±23.6 | 398 | 403 |
Planet-Star Radius Ratio | --- |
0.020107 +0.003412-0.002324
|
0.019906 +0.003337-0.001765
|
0.019906 +0.003337-0.001765
|
0.019906 +0.003337-0.001765
|
0.02239±0.00089 | 0.02239±0.00089 |
Fitted Stellar Density [g/cm**3] | --- |
0.41494 +1.68238-0.31680
|
0.61921 +1.32357-0.53220
|
0.61921 +1.32357-0.53220
|
0.61921 +1.32357-0.53220
|
--- | --- |
Planetary Fit Type | --- | LS+MCMC | MCMC | MCMC | MCMC | --- | --- |
Planetary Radius [Earth radii] | --- |
2.43 +0.74-0.4
|
2.41 +1.04-0.33
|
2.41 +1.04-0.33
|
2.41 +1.04-0.33
|
2.7±1.3 | 2.62 |
Orbit Semi-Major Axis [au] | --- | .2705 | .2704 | .2704 | .2704 | .272 | .267 |
Inclination [deg] | --- | 88.77 | 88.81 | 88.81 | 88.81 | 87.66 | --- |
Equilibrium Temperature [K] | --- | 542 | 542 | 542 | 542 | 541 | 507 |
Insolation Flux [Earth flux] | --- |
20.36 +18.86-8.01
|
20.38 +26.15-7.13
|
20.38 +26.15-7.13
|
20.38 +26.15-7.13
|
--- | --- |
Planet-Star Distance over Star Radius | --- | 38.6±17.4 | 44.1±18.8 | 44.1±18.8 | 44.1±18.8 | 24.1±1.9 | 24.1±1.9 |
Limb Darkening Model | --- | Claret (2011 A&A 529 75) ATLAS LS | Claret (2011 A&A 529 75) ATLAS LS | Claret (2011 A&A 529 75) ATLAS LS | Claret (2011 A&A 529 75) ATLAS LS | Claret (2011 A&A 529 75) ATLAS LS | Claret (2011 A&A 529 75) ATLAS LS |
Limb Darkening Coeff. 4 | --- | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.0005 | --- |
Limb Darkening Coeff. 3 | --- | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.2177 | --- |
Limb Darkening Coeff. 2 | --- | 0.2889 | 0.2938 | 0.2938 | 0.2938 | 0.5527000000000001 | --- |
Limb Darkening Coeff. 1 | --- | 0.3511 | 0.3391 | 0.3391 | 0.3391 | 0.3773 | --- |
Maximum Single Event Statistic | --- | 6.050459 | 6.111516 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Maximum Multiple Event Statistic | --- | 16.268265 | 17.355290999999998 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Transit Signal-to-Noise | --- | 19.6 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 23.0 | 15.5 |
Number of Transits | --- | 28 | 28 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
TCE Planet Number | --- | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | --- | --- |
Quarters | --- | 11111111111111111000000000000000 | 11111111111111111000000000000000 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Odd-Even Depth Comparision Statistic | --- | 0.9610000000000001 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Transit Model | --- | Mandel and Agol (2002 ApJ 580 171) | Mandel and Agol (2002 ApJ 580 171) | Mandel and Agol (2002 ApJ 580 171) | Mandel and Agol (2002 ApJ 580 171) | Mandel and Agol (2002 ApJ 580 171) | Mandel and Agol (2002 ApJ 580 171) |
Link to DV Summary | --- | kplr003728701-001-20160209194854_dvs.pdf | kplr003728701-001-20141002224145_dvs.pdf | kplr003728701-001-20130826182306_dvs.pdf | kplr003728701-001-20121115231752_dvs.pdf | --- | --- |
Stellar Effective Temperature [K] | --- |
6071 +189-210
|
6071 +164-204
|
6071 +164-204
|
6071.00 +164.00-204.00
|
6057.00±123.00 | 5736 |
Stellar Surface Gravity [log10(cm/s**2)] | --- |
4.353 +0.132-0.198
|
4.353 +0.107-0.273
|
4.353 +0.107-0.273
|
4.353 +0.107-0.273
|
4.350±0.300 | 4.36 |
Stellar Metallicity [dex] | --- | -0.14±0.3 |
-0.140 +0.240-0.300
|
-0.140 +0.240-0.300
|
-0.140 +0.240-0.300
|
--- | --- |
Stellar Radius [Solar radii] | --- |
1.107 +0.338-0.182
|
1.107 +0.479-0.151
|
1.107 +0.479-0.151
|
1.1070 +0.4790-0.1510
|
1.1200±0.5200 | 1.07 |
Stellar Mass [Solar mass] | --- |
1.005 +0.167-0.112
|
1.005 +0.192-0.115
|
1.005 +0.192-0.115
|
1.0050 +0.1920-0.1150
|
1.0300±0.1300 | --- |
Stellar Parameter Provenance | --- | q1_q17_dr25_stellar | stellar_q1_q16 | stellar_q1_q16 | stellar_q1_q16 | Pinsonneault | KIC |
FW Offset Significance [percent] | --- | 0.154 | 0.004 | 0.027 | 0.004 | --- | --- |
FW Source α(OOT) [hrs] | --- | 19.014666±0.000015 | 19.014681±0.000018 | 19.014671±0.000017 | 19.014689000±0.000021000 | --- | --- |
FW Source δ(OOT) [deg] | --- | 38.80576±0.00019 | 38.80589±0.00021 | 38.80603±0.0002 | 38.80587000±0.00024000 | --- | --- |
FW Source Δα(OOT) [sec] | --- | 0.43±0.62 | 1.04±0.77 | 0.65±0.73 | 0.13800±0.07600 | --- | --- |
FW Source Δδ(OOT) [arcsec] | --- | -0.45±0.68 | 0.03±0.77 | 0.53±0.71 | -0.00200±0.05700 | --- | --- |
FW Δα(OOT) [sec] | --- | -0.0003±0.00024 | -0.00049±0.00029 | -0.00036±0.0003 | -5.1e-05±2.8e-05 | --- | --- |
FW Δδ(OOT) [arcsec] | --- | 0.00011±0.00027 | -2e-05±0.00029 | -0.00022±0.00029 | 1e-06±2.1e-05 | --- | --- |
PRF ΔαSQ(OOT) [arcsec] | --- | 0.03±0.44 | 0.31±0.16 | 0.02±0.18 | 0.0300±0.2500 | --- | --- |
PRF ΔδSQ(OOT) [arcsec] | --- | -0.32±0.54 | -0.35±0.2 | -0.35±0.21 | -0.3200±0.2000 | --- | --- |
PRF ΔθSQ(OOT) [arcsec] | --- | 0.33±0.58 | 0.47±0.2 | 0.35±0.23 | 0.3200±0.2000 | --- | --- |
PRF ΔαSQ(KIC) [arcsec] | --- | -0.07±0.41 | -0.05±0.16 | -0.1±0.18 | -0.1100±0.2500 | --- | --- |
PRF ΔδSQ(KIC) [arcsec] | --- | -0.36±0.51 | -0.4±0.2 | -0.37±0.21 | -0.3700±0.2000 | --- | --- |
PRF ΔθSQ(KIC) [arcsec] | --- | 0.37±0.44 | 0.4±0.22 | 0.38±0.24 | 0.3800±0.2000 | --- | --- |
Chi-Square | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.4000000000000001 | 1.3 |
Stellar Age [Gyr] | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.9±1.8 | --- |
- Known Objects
- 1 Confirmed Planets
- 1 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs)
- 1 Threshold Crossing Events (TCEs)
- 5 2MASS Point Source Catalog
- Data Files
- 1 Kepler Time Series
- 1 SuperWASP Time Series
- 1 Associated Literature Data
-
The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
TICv8 | Reference Overview -
Transit timing variations and linear ephemerides of confirmed Kepler transiting exoplanets
Gajdoš et al. 2019 | Reference Overview -
Revised Radii of Kepler Stars and Planets Using Gaia Data Release 2
Berger et al. 2018 | Reference Overview -
Kepler KOI delivery, Q1-Q17 DR25 supplement
Q1-Q17 DR25 Supplemental KOI Table -
Gaia Data Release 2
Gaia DR2 | Reference Overview -
Kepler KOI delivery, Q1-Q17 DR25
Q1-Q17 DR25 KOI Table -
Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. IX. Catalog of the Full Long-cadence Data Set
Holczer et al. 2016 | Reference Overview -
False Positive Probabilities for all Kepler Objects of Interest: 1284 Newly Validated Planets and 428 Likely False Positives
Morton et al. 2016 | Reference Overview -
Kepler KOI delivery, Q1-Q17 DR24
Q1-Q17 DR24 KOI Table -
Kepler KOI delivery, Q1-Q16
Q1-Q16 KOI Table -
Kepler KOI delivery, Q1-Q12
Q1-Q12 KOI Table -
Kepler KOI delivery, Q1-Q8
Q1-Q8 KOI Table -
All WISE Data Release
Cutri et al. 2014 | Reference Overview -
Kepler KOI delivery, Q1-Q6
Q1-Q6 KOI Table -
Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data
Batalha et al. 2013 | Reference Overview -
The Kepler Input Catalog
Latham et al. 2005 | Reference Overview -
2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources
2MASS Point Source Catalog | Reference Overview
- System
- Star
- Confirmed
- Candidate
- False Positive Planet
- Controversial
- False Positive
- Aliases
- Data Access
- Transit Prediction Service
- Time Series
- Kepler | K2
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